Practical Vim note

core

Act, Repeat, Reverse
Dot Formula: One Keystroke to Move, One Keystroke to Execute

Combo

line/word action: {action} {move}.{move}.{move}.
line search action: f{char} ;.;.;.
search action: /pattern {action} n.n.n., * {action} n.n.n.
macros: q{reg} {actions} q @{reg} {move} @@ {move} @@
normal: :[range]normal {cmd}

mode

Insert Mode

Digraph

:digraphs : Display the digraphs available

Some useful Digraph :

CTRL+K AN : ∧ , logic and
CTRL+K OR : ∨ , logic or
CTRL+K NO : ¬ , logic not
CTRL+K (- : ∈
CTRL+K -> : →
CTRL+K OK : ✓
CTRL+K XX : ✗

Command-Line Mode

Address

.: the current line.
$: the last line in the file.
%: the entire file
'm: mark line
/pattern/: :/<html>/,/<\/html>/p
{address}+n: set offset .,.+3p

Range

:{start_addresss},{end_address}

Ex commands

:[range]delete [reg] : delete the range lines into the register
:[range]yank [reg]
:[range]put [reg]
:[range]copy {address} : copy the range lines below the {address}
:[range]move {address}
:[range]normal {commands}: execute {commands} on the range lines
!{cmd} : execute {cmd} with the shell
read !{cmd} : execute {cmd}, insert the output to buffer
[range]write !{cmd} : like in shell > cmd < content of [range]
[range]!{filter} : Filter the specified range through external program {filter}
[range]sort : sort range lines

tips

:'<,'>normal 0i# : 选中区域，简单添加 Python 注释
:'<,'>normal i//: 选中区域，添加 C99 注释
<C-f>: Switch from Command-Line mode to the command-line window

motions

real line and display line

gj: down one display line
gk: up one display line

diff Words from WORDS

Like e.g. We have four Words , but a WORDS , which means that need keystrokes www to move from e to W , but W to reach directly.

find by char

f{char} and F{char} to location char, t{char} and T{char} to d{motion} or c{motion}.

Like: dt. delete till char . , exclude char . .

text-objects

Build-in text-objects

aw iw: a/inner word
aW iW: a/inner WORD
as is: a/inner sentence
ap is: a/inner paragraph
a] i]: a/inner []
a) i): a/inner ()
a> i>: a/inner <>
at it: a/inner
a} i}: a/inner Block
a\" i\": a/inner "
a\' i\': a/inner '

other useful text-object

aa ia: a/inner argument provided by argtextobj.vim
ai ii aI iI: a/inner same indentation level provided by vim-indent-object
ae ie: a/inner entire content of a buffer provided by vim-textobj-entire

…

marks

m{a-zA-Z}: set mark, lowercase marks local, uppercase marks global.
`{mark} : go to mark position.
'{mark} : go to mark line.

automatic marks

`` : last jump within current file
`. : last change
`^ : last insert
`[ : start of last change or yank
`] : end of last change or yank
`< : start of last visual selection
`> : end of last visual selection

Visual model + :: :'<,'> select the visual range.

tips

Mark the position by mm before search /pattern, when done all matched, return the marked position by `m
Search by vimgrep or ack in project files, mark the position by mM first, return the marked position by `M

files

LeaderF is super useful.

argument-list, buffer-list

:argdo {cmd}, like :argdo normal @{reg}
:bufdo {cmd}

registers

Vim’s registers are no more than containers for strings of text.

special registers

"": unnamed register
"0: yank register
"1-"9: numbered registers
"+: system clipboard
"_: black hole
"=: expression register
=%: name of current file
"#: name of the alternate file
".: last inserted text
":: last Ex command
"/: last search pattern
"a-"z: named registers

Combo

[reg] {operator} {motion}, like "ayiw -> "ap
Insert/EX mode: <C-r> {reg}, like <C-r> 0, :%s//<C-r>0/g

CTRL-R CTRL-{X}

Insert the object under the cursor:

CTRL-R CTRL-F: filename
CTRL-R CTRL-W: word
CTRL-R CTRL-A: WORD
CTRL-R CTRL-L: line text

macros

tips

Ex Command can also be record
use q{upper char} to append extra cmd to the exist cmd

Combo

q{reg} {change cmd} {repeatable motion}, 100@{reg}: ensure the record action start/end with a repeatable motion like n/f{x}/w/...
repeat Dot Operator: qq {motion}. q + {num}@q, like qq ;. q 22@q

patterns

specify a broad pattern

\<: beginning of a word
\>: end of a word
\zs: set the start of the match
\ze: set the end of the match

Like: /\v[\zs\a*\ze\] search all normal word in [], but just match the word.

search-offset

/pattern/e<CR> let the cursor at the end of the search match.

When we leave the search field blank, Vim reuses the pattern from the previous search.

So //e<CR> incrementally search.

substitute

:[range]s[ubstitute]/[pattern]/{string}/[flags]

s_flags

&: use the previous substitute’s flags
g: global line
c: confirm
n: Report the number of matches, do not actually substitute

tips

g& == :%s//~/&: repeat last substitute
:'<,'>&&: select range in visual mode, then replay the substitute by :&&
:%&& == g&

global

:[range] global[!] /{pattern}/ [cmd]

tips

:g/useless/norm gu$: combine a normal mode command with the global command, powerful!
:g/TODO/copy$: copy to the end of file for all the line which match the TODO.

Tools

ctags

Now use universal ctags instead of exuberant-ctags

<C-]> : jump to the first tag
g<C-]> : prompt user to select from multiple matches
:tprev
:tnext

Use vim-gutentags to generate ctags automatically.

quickfix

:copen : open the quickfix window
:cclose : close the quickfix window
:cnext : jump to next item
:cprev : jump to previous item
:cfirst : jump to first item
:cnext : jump to next item
:cnfile : jump to first item in next file
:cpfile : jump to first item in previous file
:cc N : jump to nth item
:colder: previous quickfix list
:cnewer: next quickfix list

autocompletion

<C-n> <C-p> : generic keywords
<C-x><C-l> : whole line completion
<C-x><C-f> : filename completion
<C-x><C-n> : from current buffer
<C-x><C-i> : from include files
<C-x><C-]> : from tags file
<C-x><C-k> : from Dictionary file
<C-x><C-o> : Omni-completion

spell checker

set spell : enable the spell checker
[s : previous misspelled word
]s : next misspelled word
z= : suggest corrections
zg : add the word to spell dictionary
zw : remove the word from spell dictionary
zug : Revert zg or zw command
Spell file default path: ~/.vim/spell/
Set Chinese spell dictionary: set spelllang=en_us,cjk
<C-x>s : spell correct automatically in the insert mode

misc

`g`字诀

g 有go 之意，所以g 相关的命令大多有 go to 之意。

常用命令

gg : 去到文件第一行
gf : 在VIM内去到光标下文件
gx : 使用系统默认应用去到光标下文件，可以使用浏览器打开光标下 URL ，比较有用
gi : 去到上次进行INSERT的位置
gv : 重新去到上次VISUAL的内容，并进入VISUAL模式
gn : 去到下一个 search 匹配到的模式，并VISUAL匹配的内容
gd : 去到光标下单词的定义处
gt : 去到下一个 tab
gT : 去到上一个 tab

`z`字诀

大多和折叠 ( fold ) 相关

常用命令

zf : 创建折叠，跟随motion 或先VISUAL 选择一个区域
zd : 删除当前光标下的一层折叠
zD : 删除当前光标下的所有折叠
zE : 清除所有折叠
zo : 打开当前光标下的折叠
zc : 关闭当前光标下的折叠
zR : 打开所有折叠
zM : 关闭所有折叠

`[`字诀

基本概念

大多[ 相关的命令有前进/后退之意，因此有

vim-unimpaired

这个对[ 的扩充。

文本对象：

sentence
paragraph : 空行分隔为一个 paragraph
section : {} 包围为一个 section ，但要求{ 在第一列，因此C 代码的函数最好写成
```
 int func()
 {

 }
```
的格式

作用区域： sentence <= paragraph <= section

常用命令

) : forward sentence
( : backward sentence
} : forward paragraph
{ : backward paragraph
]] : forward section to {
[[ : backward section to {
][ : forward section to }
[] : forward section to }

个人心得

我一般使用{} 进行移动，写代码的时候添加空行表示函数内逻辑的分隔，比如变量声明，if 语句，for 循环，return 之间都空一行， {} 的移动对我来说足够快了。

]] [[ 的移动依赖一些语法插件或代码风格。

end

Practice -> Pain -> Patient -> Practice … -> Perfect

:x

Practical Vim note

core

Combo

mode

Insert Mode

Digraph

Command-Line Mode

Address

Range

Ex commands

tips

motions

real line and display line

diff Words from WORDS

find by char

text-objects

Build-in text-objects

other useful text-object

marks

automatic marks

tips

files

argument-list, buffer-list

registers

special registers

Combo

CTRL-R CTRL-{X}

macros

tips

Combo

patterns

specify a broad pattern

search-offset

substitute

s_flags

tips

global

tips

Tools

ctags

quickfix

autocompletion

spell checker

misc

g字诀

常用命令

z字诀

常用命令

[字诀

基本概念

常用命令

个人心得

end

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FEATURED TAGS

`g`字诀

`z`字诀

`[`字诀